Results from Catalase Lab

Subrate H2O2

Total control: 5 mL/run
H2O2- transparent solution, odorless, colourless
10% H2O2 (Trial 1)
H202-0.5mL
H20-4.5mL
Start gas volume: 100 mL
Stop gas volume: 99 mL
Time: 60sec/1 min
* Every trials time is the same
Observation- started to fizz, bubbles also started to appear, gas is being produced, and foam is also produced.

30% H202 (Trial 2)
H202-1.5mL
H20-3.5mL
Start gas volume: 99 mL
Stop gas volume: 95 mL
Time: 60 sec/1 min

50% H2O2 (Trial 3)
H202-2.5mL
H20-2.5mL
Start gas volume: 250 mL
Stop gas volume: 95 mL (MAX)
Time: 60 sec/1 min
*more bubbles and foam are seen

70% H2O2 (Trial 4)
H202-3.5mL
H20-1.5mL
Start gas volume: 310 mL
Stop gas volume: 150 mL
Time: 60 sec/1 min
*Foam-whitish/orange bubbles were produced. Reaction was much faster and quicker than the last one
* There were 2 trial runs to get this result. The lid was not sealed properly, which may have affected the result greatly

90% H2O2 (Trial 5)
H202-2.5mL
H20-2.5mL
Start gas volume: 250 mL
Stop gas volume: 100 mL
Time: 60 sec/1 min

Source of error-
The measurement for extracting H2O2 & H202 may not have been accurate.
The lid was not sealed on properly as oxygen may have interfered with the experiment
The timing may have been wrong.
The disc (liver) may have been less then 5 or more than 5

Subrate H2O2

Total control: 5 mL/run
H2O2- transparent solution, odorless, colourless
10% H2O2 (Trial 1)
H202-0.5mL
H20-4.5mL
Start gas volume: 100 mL
Stop gas volume: 99 mL
Time: 60sec/1 min
* Every trials time is the same
Observation- started to fizz, bubbles also started to appear, gas is being produced, and foam is also produced.

30% H202 (Trial 2)
H202-1.5mL
H20-3.5mL
Start gas volume: 99 mL
Stop gas volume: 95 mL
Time: 60 sec/1 min

50% H2O2 (Trial 3)
H202-2.5mL
H20-2.5mL
Start gas volume: 250 mL
Stop gas volume: 95 mL (MAX)
Time: 60 sec/1 min
*more bubbles and foam are seen

70% H2O2 (Trial 4)
H202-3.5mL
H20-1.5mL
Start gas volume: 310 mL
Stop gas volume: 150 mL
Time: 60 sec/1 min
*Foam-whitish/orange bubbles were produced. Reaction was much faster and quicker than the last one
* There were 2 trials run to get this result. The lid was not sealed properly, which may have affected the result greatly

90% H2O2 (Trial 5)
H202-2.5mL
H20-2.5mL
Start gas volume: 250 mL
Stop gas volume: 100 mL
Time: 60 sec/1 min

Entropy

          Entropy is the second law of thermodynamics that deal with the randomness and disorder.The law states that all systems will spontaneously increase in entropy over time. Entropy measures the randomness of objects as well as energy using the symbol S. Some examples of the usages of entropy includes: change of state (from ice to water), energy form, and number of particles. REDOX reaction could be used to test whether a reaction fits into the law of thermodynamics or not:
C3H4O3 + NADH + H ---> C2H5OH + CO2 +NAD